UPDATE 3 - Linden bans Second Life banks

Tue Jan 8, 2008 11:34am PST

By Eric Reuters

(Adds depositor comments)

SECOND LIFE, Jan 8 (Reuters) - Linden Lab said on Tuesday it is banning Second Life banks that promise interest or other investment returns, citing resident complaints and risks to the virtual world’s economy.

The new policy contains an exemption for banks that are certified as real-world financial institutions.

“As of January 22, 2008, it will be prohibited to offer interest or any direct return on an investment (whether in L$ or other currency) from any object, such as an ATM, located in Second Life, without proof of an applicable government registration statement or financial institution charter,” the company said.

The requirement of an applicable government registration statement or financial institution charter will likely be insurmountable for existing Second Life banks, at least at present.

Read the full statement from Linden Lab here.

Second Life has long been home to banks and other financial institutions that offer extremely lucrative interest rates as high as 95 percent per year. Critics have long charged that these institutions are nothing more than Ponzi schemes — a type of a fraudulent investment vehicle in which early investors are paid large returns with the deposits of new investors.

Several Second Life financial institutions, most notably Ginko Financial, have collapsed.

“Usually, we don’t step in the middle of Resident-to-Resident conduct – letting Residents decide how to act, live, or play in Second Life. But these ‘banks’ have brought unique and substantial risks to Second Life, and we feel it’s our duty to step in,” the company said. “Offering unsustainably high interest rates, they are in most cases doomed to collapse – leaving upset ‘depositors’ with nothing to show for their investments.”

The crackdown on banks comes several months after Linden Lab banned gambling. It has also restricted depictions of underage sex due to legal concerns.

BANKS MOVE TO QUELL DEPOSITOR FEARS

Linden said it would give banks until Jan. 22 to “settle up on any promises” and “honor valid withdrawals.” However, Second Life banks — like their real-world counterparts — typically hold only a small fraction of their total deposits in cash, so it is unclear if they will be able to come up with the available funds by the deadline.

Nervous depositors started crowding Second Life’s in-world ATMs after the new policy was announced.

“In real life the banks don’t have more than 10% in cash,” said Charlie Winx, an avatar from France who declined to reveal his name. Winx started withdrawing money from his L$260,000 (US$960) account within minutes of the news. “I think we’ll lose a lot.”

Owners tried to calm depositor fears and prevent a run on their banks.

“I’ve already started preparing for massive client refunds,” said Tyrian Camilo, who runs the SLIB, one of Second Life’s largest banks. “Interest payments have been halted, withdraw limits have been lowered to give everyone a fair chance.”

Camilo, who declined to give his real life name, hopes to pursue a real world license. “I hope we can achieve that, but it’s a long shot.”

L&L, another prominent Second Life bank, shut down all ATM operations immediately.

“The reason for this is to protect the investment of everyone,” the company said on its Web site.

“Our plan was to launch real world at the end of the year but it looks like things are going faster than we would have liked,” said L&L’s Sheffie Cochran (Second Life: Lindsay Druart) of L&L. “We have until the 22nd to make moves and I am hard at work making them.”

Cochran was bitter towards Linden Lab. “Some of the highest account holders in SL are in the financial sectors and this ban will cause widespread hysteria,” she said. “I would have wished that they would sit down and talk to the sector and devise a plan to assist and alleviate.”

After Jan. 22, Linden Lab will begin removing ATMS and other banking assets, and will begin sanctioning bankers with “suspension, termination of accounts, and loss of land.”


Got a Second Life scoop? You can meet the reporter in Second Life! Eric Reuters holds office hours in the Reuters Auditorium on Tuesdays at 8:00 am SLT.

 

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18 comments

Please note that comments should not be regarded as the views of Reuters.
  1. Daman Tenk wrote:

    Am I right to assume that pure exchanges can keep existing as long as they buy and sell lindens and not offer any interest?

    Tue Jan 8, 2008 12:01pm PST
  2. Apollo Case wrote:

    I think LL has not just banned SL banking, but might have banned SL stock exchanges in general. As they note below (caps added):

    “As of January 22, 2008, it will be prohibited to offer interest or ANY DIRECT RETURN ON AN INVESTMENT (whether in L$ or other currency) from any object, such as an ATM, located in Second Life, without proof of an applicable government registration statement or financial institution charter,” the company said.

    A direct return can include dividends, as well as interest.

    However there is a twist to this too, if LL decides to go open source, could non-LL hosted regions put up ATM’s to collect Lindens on behalf of banks and stock exchanges, or even see the development of other virtual currencies beyond the control of LL?

    Tue Jan 8, 2008 3:01pm PST
  3. Eric Reuters wrote:

    LL linked to a FAQ beyond the post on the Blog. It reads:

    “Are any other inworld businesses, such as stock exchanges, covered by this policy?

    As of today, this policy is generally focused on objects and schemes that involve real-time transfers of L$ and payment of interest or rates of return. Exchanges may or may not do this, so they may or may not be covered. In addition, we reserve the right to remove any objects and take action against any Residents who are violating U.S. or other laws. If you are unsure whether a business you’re operating abides by applicable laws (e.g., banking, securities laws), you should get a formal legal opinion, from a personal lawyer acting on your behalf.”

    But it’s worth noting that many exchanges are presently tied into interest-bearing banks.

    Tue Jan 8, 2008 5:01pm PST
  4. Jazzman Jibilla wrote:

    “…you should get a formal legal opinion, from a personal lawyer acting on your behalf.”

    Not an sl roleplay lawyer. The financial sector in sl is a roleplay until the so called institutions produce the kind of documentation LL is asking for. Even after that I’m not sure it changes much.

    Tue Jan 8, 2008 9:01pm PST
  5. Calixus Voom wrote:

    No need to say that LL has once more managed to place a sensible blow with maximum impact to the economy in SL.

    Slowly I get more and more to the idea that LL is nothing more than a Berkeley–acro-economics-lab simulation with some US-government-project that stated the goal to explore how much damage an economy could take.
    In this scenario, LL takes the role of an entity, whichs only task is to come up with some “Black-Friday”-staging-incident to see wether this time the whole thing blows or not.

    Points that support this view as follows:

    1. LL-concentrates on high-cash flow-sectors of SL-economics (e.g.: Ban of Gambling, now Banking - yes I know, its not a ban but “reduction to certified banks”, but face it: which of all these banks would produce a certificate up to 22nd of January to stay in business?)

    2. LL always comes totally out of the sun with these measures. When has there been any corespondance with Casino-Owners? Where was the preemptive consultation with the banks before kick off a stone of news that would cause some economical avalanche, that a retarded could forsee?

    3. A “world-owned and created by its own users” and “be what you cannot in RL” is over. That might have been true in 2004. With the step into banking-ventures and harsh hits to the economics, LL started to drive down the heartbeat of SL-economics. Users start ventures here because they may have their work to enrich the world rewarded by a small of not-quite-so-small amount of RL-money.

    This includes to invest in risky business by your own choice and in the knowledge that the banking and investment scene is somewhat wild-west-like. So the wiseguy spreaded his funds on several institutions and investments to not risk all when one goes down.

    Now what? LL blasted them all. Charming.

    During the next years we will for sure see more of this “Usually, we don’t step in the middle of Resident-to-Resident conduct, but…”

    My bet would be that the experimental team tries the big blast and bans any ventures that allow re-transfer of L$ to real money or something equally creative.

    Now white rats that we are we will wait and see. And if they overstretch it we will find some more liberal and non regulative virtual government in the metaverse.
    Probably something from China.

    Wed Jan 9, 2008 3:01am PST
  6. Joey wrote:

    It’s about time! People depositing in an SL bank have no recourse when the bank declares itself insolvent and decides to pay neither principal nor interest.

    Wed Jan 9, 2008 12:01pm PST
  7. Awaken Yoshikawa wrote:

    Well, I think the Lindens had to do something after than Ginko thing. I had 33,000 Lindens and almost lost it if someone didn’t tell me when I was about to make a deposit, that he heard the bank was failing and to draw out for one day. Thank you!

    At the time I didn’t realize how risky some of this investment could be. Anybody can set up a bank and just “fraud” a lot of people through Ponizi and change avatars.

    I applaud what the Lindens have decided, but disagree with them on the gambling. That should be choice, because you know it’s a risk and you are responsible for your own legal problems if any.

    Thu Jan 10, 2008 11:01am PST
  8. Skip Oceanlane wrote:

    Thought it wasn’t mentioned in the article above, Crystal Springs Savings and Loan has already given refunds to all its depositors at 100% of value, with interest paid up to date. Mr. Winx should have invested with us,…he wouldn’t have had to worry about losing anything :-) Our corporation believed in keeping enough liquid reserves in case something like this happened.

    Crystal Springs Savings and Loan will continue to operate as a land sale/rental and loan company, which we understand is still “legal” under Linden Labs Terms of Service. We are also going forward with our IPO listing on Vstex, as we believe stock exchanges do not fall within Linden Labs “ban.”

    For the record, I think the Lindens should have given us banks more notice, as it put a big strain on all involved, especially larger financial institutions. I hope larger banks like BCX, L&L and SLIB, including all the stock exchanges, are able to continue to stay open. Thank you.

    Thu Jan 10, 2008 11:01am PST
  9. pappi hawker wrote:

    For the love of God, just let it play out, stop trying to be mommy to every little virtual body. This is exactly like the wild west–a ton of risk, but a ton of reward. Of course there will be losses, to venture into this world you will have to stay on your toes ebb and flow, when an establishment is offering a too-good-to-be-true return, guess what, it probably is… just let it play out. The banks, stock exchanges, whichever markets that are legit will as time always tells, prove itself so. The market is self-regulating. Local unions form accreditation procedures to protect their good businesses, and root fraud out at the get-go… but you have to let it get to that level on its own–plus its much more exciting. The risk and adventure is half the draw. Kiddy-proof the whole metaverse and you’re gonna have one lonely Second Life. Take a poll of all the people that lost their shirt in Vegas, how many go back? They all go back, maybe not to the same casino, but they go back to Vegas even after devastating losses–cause it’s exciting. You can’t just step in every fifteen minutes for the purposes of regulation in a world that was designed to be unregulated. It’s a contradiction that will literally rip Second Life apart. Get your little God fingers out of the way, or Second Life will just be the first virtual world example of exactly what not to do… when real do-anything alternate worlds become developed and offer true reality escape portals.

    Thu Jan 10, 2008 1:01pm PST
  10. Gwyneth Llewelyn wrote:

    Stand by and brace yourself… the adult content industry comes next.

    @Calixus, your comment was most interesting :) Strangely enough, I thought the same in mid-2004 when joining SL for the first time, but since then, I dismissed the notion. Who knows, you might be right.

    Thu Jan 10, 2008 3:01pm PST
  11. Eric Reuters wrote:

    @Gwyneth

    Stand by and brace yourself… the adult content industry comes next.

    I doubt it. The issue, as I see it, is Linden backed into disallowing what is manifestly insupportable under US law. Craigslist, or the average alt-weekly, has far more questionable amaterial than anything in Second Life, so long as the no one pushes the ageplay envelope.

    I’ve been surprised how many people in SL interpret Linden’s latest dictum narrowly, insisting that stock exchanges for example as non-interest bearing invesments are safe. I would be wary, to say the least, of *any* L$ financial vehicle given this precedent.

    Thu Jan 10, 2008 5:01pm PST
  12. Avery Bachem wrote:

    Looks like this is going to be the gambling ban all over again.

    It’s interesting to note that as soon as this news hit, the value of the linden to a USD when from an average of about 287 to about 280. That means that a linden very suddenly became worth more.

    Which is quite bad for all the banks, if they bring in money from the real-world, they will lose money in the process and if they don’t investors will be mad to find withdrawing disabled.

    It’s odd to say it, but the best thing most people can do is exchange their lindens for real-money, as it would offset the mass quantities of real-money the banks are going to have to bring to SL to pay back their investors.

    Thu Jan 10, 2008 5:01pm PST
  13. Lislo Mensing wrote:

    .. they will remove all ATMs.

    I wonder how many SLExchange or TeleLinden ATMs will be deleted and the land owner be threatened by accident. I hope the cleaning staff know what they do.

    Sat Jan 12, 2008 11:01am PST
  14. Nobody Fugazi wrote:

    Whatever the reasoning behind it - and I think it has to do with Linden Lab liability (instead of warm fuzzy stuff), it is the right move. Why? Sure, someone noted that there is a ton of risk and lots of reward - but show me the reward if you say that.

    Not only that, but there are different laws around the world that, even with a disclaimer and a statement that all legal proceedings will have to happen in the State of California… citizens of foreign countries may be able to have their legal systems exercise the sovereign right to prosecute on their own soil. It isn’t as clearcut as people would want to believe.

    Gwyneth mentions adult content. Eric has valid points. However, I’ll lean toward Gwyneth for the same reasons: Local law in countries other than the State of California (yes, I did that on purpose).

    It seems rather funny to see this happening at this point, when at the WSIS and at after meetings the United States has been severely lacking.

    And then on another level, has anyone considered when the WTO may get involved in synthetic worlds?

    This is the tip of the iceberg. Whether by accident or on purpose, Linden Lab did the right thing here. Whether they can consistently continue doing the right things while maintaining profitability is a serious question, and one that I am sure at least 1 person is up late at night pondering.

    Is it a good platform? Sure. And it will be as good as international law and internet governance permit it to be.

    Sun Jan 13, 2008 3:01pm PST
  15. Calixus Voom wrote:

    Gwyneth wrote:
    “Stand by and brace yourself… the adult content industry comes next.”

    Eric wrote
    “I doubt it. The issue, as I see it, is Linden backed into disallowing what is manifestly insupportable under US law. ”

    @Eric:
    Well that would indeed be lovely. But I fear it is not that easy. If you remember: LL had undergone the VAT-laws of all residents countries without being asked to do so.

    “Why would they?”, some might ask.
    Simple answer: Because with a great amount of residents from all over Europe they realized, that some day someone might come and collect that VAT from LL, who so far had executed the VAT-included policy.

    So LLs motives are influenced by three factors which are all at once drawn out of the top-hat if one of them is triggered:
    - Money (that means if LL could imagine they lose some)
    - Foreign Law (if LL realizes someone might sue them)
    - and last but not least:
    Bad Press

    With the adult sector we see LL’s first steps with the age-check and the “voluntary” rating of your own parcel and the ominous announcement of LL that people which do not mark their parcel properly will be “offered consultation”.

    If that is the same consultation, people receive, that transfer big sums of L$ back and forth, this may mean waking up with a frozen account.

    Here, clearly foreign law comes into play.
    For whatever is legal in adult presentation in California, is not in Germany for example.
    Over here, to issue publications of any depiction of an erected penis or a closeup of a vagina is considered pornographic and punishable if done openly in normal trade.

    Now imagine, what would be considered illegal in any islamistic country.

    As soon as the first bad press arises from such a country with a high user ratio, my preduction would be that LL will jump for it,bite another part of economical freedom in SL out of the big cake and swallow it.

    Mon Jan 14, 2008 3:01am PST
  16. Brandon Catteneo wrote:

    Although this reform was necessary IMO, and LL had nothing but good intentions in doing it, I do believe they acted too much of a heavy hand. They are putting themselves in the crossfire. I think they should find more creative and subtle methods of dealing with these things.

    They should have found a strategic way of making it unprofitable rather than acting in the capacity of a police organization.

    Tue Jan 15, 2008 4:01pm PST
  17. einstein wrote:

    The problem started when Linden game money became exchangable between real world currencies. This was a big mistake and pretty much started the destruction of the reality. People come to Second Life to find something different, a fresh creative world, then the same capitalistic crap they have to deal with every day in the real world.

    Real estate people early to market started buying up huge tracks of virtual space, making it impossible for later creative people to come in to build anywhere. Follow this progress to see how interest in the game dies, as it die with me:

    1. User signs up, and gets stuck on an island with stupid looking default avatar. Probably at some point, most people dump the simulation, trying to find some way to ‘escape’ the island, if they even know there is anything more. Escape turns out to be no riddle, you just have to go to a map and teleport somewhere eles. If you don’t know this, takes you hours of walking around the island until you figure it out maybe by accident.

    2. Next stage is a fascination with pimping out your character. Clothes, wings, you name it, you want to look great, so you are scavaging for clothes. Finally you get your character pimped out, but you will change it millions of times thereafter as you get bored with it.

    3. Next stage is exploring for beautiful places. This is mostly by word of mouth. You visit seedy clubs, you find castles and islands and gardens and rave dance floors.

    4. Next you start to create.. in sandboxes, if you are so creativly inclined as I was and had some previous 3d modeling experience. You build huge towers, and castles, and houses, and awesome things, but guess what, you have no land to put them on, so you design huge towers for the tiniest plots of land.

    5. You go searching for cheap plot of tiny land. You realize Second Life has been abandoned by the world, and most of it is a desolat wasteland. You see tracks and tracks of suburbs with nobody in them. You realize, there’s nobody in this game to even see your creation in most parts. Why maintain rent on a plot of land, if its on some nowhereville place that nobody will see it, and you will just be sitting alone.

    Its at this point, you quit the game, and never come back. Because Linden gave you a free poor avatar, but they didn’t give you a tiny plot of land and a mule so to speak to start.

    Second Life is dead. Dead because they started believing it was something more than just a vaue open ended exploration and building game for creative artist 3D modeling type people. And none of us are coming back.

    Sat Jan 19, 2008 1:01pm PST
  18. delirious wrote:

    Thank You EINSTEIN!

    well said!

    I had the same experience:

    as a 3D modeling kinda guy, I purchased a small plot to build on (but was frustrated that I couldn’t upload 3D structures)

    once that was done, I found that nobody came by my land

    My big fun was harrassing my neighbors by introducing myself. Constantly, as they changed often.

    A land grab was underway (probably bot driven), and I got to know my Super Neighbor after hounding him.

    I have no idea how much I paid for my land, (SL won’t or can’t show me this), and if there is a way for me to see the fair market value of my land, I can’t find it.

    How bot’s can do this, but as an SL citizen and landowner I can’t irks me.

    Also, the website links (SecondLife.com) where I can sell Linden$ return to the HomePage, making it impossible (seems to me) to sell Linden$!

    Is there a run on the Bank?

    Am I being harmed by this denial of trade?

    Are we all just investing in a phantom economy (i.e. Ponzi Scheme)?

    -yum

    Sat Jan 26, 2008 2:01am PST

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